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NEW QUESTION 35
Cluster: dev
Master node: master1
Worker node: worker1
You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command:
[desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context dev
Task:
Retrieve the content of the existing secret named adam in the safe namespace.
Store the username field in a file names /home/cert-masters/username.txt, and the password field in a file named /home/cert-masters/password.txt.
1. You must create both files; they don’t exist yet.
2. Do not use/modify the created files in the following steps, create new temporary files if needed.
Create a new secret names newsecret in the safe namespace, with the following content:
Username: dbadmin
Password: moresecurepas
Finally, create a new Pod that has access to the secret newsecret via a volume:
Namespace: safe
Pod name: mysecret-pod
Container name: db-container
Image: redis
Volume name: secret-vol
Mount path: /etc/mysecret
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Get the secret, decrypt it & save in files
k get secret adam -n safe -o yaml
2. Create new secret using –from-literal
[desk@cli] $k create secret generic newsecret -n safe –from-literal=username=dbadmin –from-literal=password=moresecurepass
3. Mount it as volume of db-container of mysecret-pod
Explanation
[desk@cli] $k create secret generic newsecret -n safe –from-literal=username=dbadmin –from-literal=password=moresecurepass secret/newsecret created
[desk@cli] $vim /home/certs_masters/secret-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: mysecret-pod
namespace: safe
labels:
run: mysecret-pod
spec:
containers:
– name: db-container
image: redis
volumeMounts:
– name: secret-vol
mountPath: /etc/mysecret
readOnly: true
volumes:
– name: secret-vol
secret:
secretName: newsecret
[desk@cli] $ k apply -f /home/certs_masters/secret-pod.yaml
pod/mysecret-pod created
[desk@cli] $ k exec -it mysecret-pod -n safe – cat /etc/mysecret/username dbadmin
[desk@cli] $ k exec -it mysecret-pod -n safe – cat /etc/mysecret/password moresecurepas
NEW QUESTION 36
SIMULATION
Use the kubesec docker images to scan the given YAML manifest, edit and apply the advised changes, and passed with a score of 4 points.
kubesec-test.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: kubesec-demo
spec:
containers:
– name: kubesec-demo
image: gcr.io/google-samples/node-hello:1.0
securityContext:
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
Hint: docker run -i kubesec/kubesec:512c5e0 scan /dev/stdin < kubesec-test.yaml
- A. Send us the Feedback on it.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 37
You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command: [desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context test-account Task: Enable audit logs in the cluster.
To do so, enable the log backend, and ensure that:
1. logs are stored at /var/log/Kubernetes/logs.txt
2. log files are retained for 5 days
3. at maximum, a number of 10 old audit log files are retained
A basic policy is provided at /etc/Kubernetes/logpolicy/audit-policy.yaml. It only specifies what not to log. Note: The base policy is located on the cluster’s master node.
Edit and extend the basic policy to log: 1. Nodes changes at RequestResponse level 2. The request body of persistentvolumes changes in the namespace frontend 3. ConfigMap and Secret changes in all namespaces at the Metadata level Also, add a catch-all rule to log all other requests at the Metadata level Note: Don’t forget to apply the modified policy.
Answer:
Explanation:
$ vim /etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml
– level: RequestResponse
userGroups: [“system:nodes”]
– level: Request
resources:
– group: “” # core API group
resources: [“persistentvolumes”]
namespaces: [“frontend”]
– level: Metadata
resources:
– group: “”
resources: [“configmaps”, “secrets”]
– level: Metadata
$ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml Add these
– –audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml
– –audit-log-path=/var/log/kubernetes/logs.txt
– –audit-log-maxage=5
– –audit-log-maxbackup=10
Explanation
[desk@cli] $ ssh master1 [master1@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1 # This is required.
kind: Policy
# Don’t generate audit events for all requests in RequestReceived stage.
omitStages:
– “RequestReceived”
rules:
# Don’t log watch requests by the “system:kube-proxy” on endpoints or services
– level: None
users: [“system:kube-proxy”]
verbs: [“watch”]
resources:
– group: “” # core API group
resources: [“endpoints”, “services”]
# Don’t log authenticated requests to certain non-resource URL paths.
– level: None
userGroups: [“system:authenticated”]
nonResourceURLs:
– “/api*” # Wildcard matching.
– “/version”
# Add your changes below
– level: RequestResponse
userGroups: [“system:nodes”] # Block for nodes
– level: Request
resources:
– group: “” # core API group
resources: [“persistentvolumes”] # Block for persistentvolumes
namespaces: [“frontend”] # Block for persistentvolumes of frontend ns
– level: Metadata
resources:
– group: “” # core API group
resources: [“configmaps”, “secrets”] # Block for configmaps & secrets
– level: Metadata # Block for everything else
[master1@cli] $ vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
annotations:
kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint: 10.0.0.5:6443 labels:
component: kube-apiserver
tier: control-plane
name: kube-apiserver
namespace: kube-system
spec:
containers:
– command:
– kube-apiserver
– –advertise-address=10.0.0.5
– –allow-privileged=true
– –authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
– –audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/log-policy/audit-policy.yaml #Add this
– –audit-log-path=/var/log/kubernetes/logs.txt #Add this
– –audit-log-maxage=5 #Add this
– –audit-log-maxbackup=10 #Add this
…
output truncated
Note: log volume & policy volume is already mounted in vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml so no need to mount it. Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/audit/
NEW QUESTION 38
On the Cluster worker node, enforce the prepared AppArmor profile
#include <tunables/global>
profile nginx-deny flags=(attach_disconnected) {
#include <abstractions/base>
file,
# Deny all file writes.
deny /** w,
}
EOF’
Edit the prepared manifest file to include the AppArmor profile.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: apparmor-pod
spec:
containers:
– name: apparmor-pod
image: nginx
Finally, apply the manifests files and create the Pod specified on it.
Verify: Try to make a file inside the directory which is restricted.
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION 39
……
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